decuria Latin · revision 6546
16 Oct 2026, 10:53 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la decem}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [dɛˈkʊ.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [deˈkuː.ri.a]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''decuria''' ''f'' (genitive decuriae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The OLD derives it from *decu-viria, from [[decem]] “ten” and [[vir]] “man”, like [[cūria]] from *co-viria.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short and Gaffiot derive it simply from ''decem'', on the model of [[centuria]] from [[centum]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Plautus, of a group of ten men.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a group of ten men, a gang or party, and in early Roman government a group of ten families, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012) It meant one of the panels from which senators or, after 70 BC, jurymen were chosen, as in Cicero, and a guild of public officials or others of the same trade.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Varro it meant a group of ten numbers and a measure of ten feet.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it meant a section of an Italian city, and in England a tithing, a frankpledge group.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) Old Norse borrowed it as ''dekur'', a set of ten.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a group of ten.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of ten numbers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of jury panels.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A group of ten men; a group of ten families.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A panel of senators or [[m|en|jurymen]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A guild, corporation.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A set of ten numbers; a measure of ten feet.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A city section; a tithing.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[decuriālis]]
+ * [[decuriō]]
+ * [[dacra]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[decuriātim]]
+ * [[decuriātiō]]
+ * [[decuriātus]]
+ * [[decuriōnātus]]
+ * [[decem]]
+ * [[centuria]]
+ * [[cūria]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}