doctor Latin · revision 6531
16 Oct 2026, 10:37 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *deḱ-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdɔk.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɔk.tor]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''doctor''' ''m'' (genitive doctōris, feminine doctrīx or doctorissa); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[doceō]] “to teach” with the agent suffix [[-tor]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) ''Doceō'' goes back to [[ine-pro|*deḱ-|t=to take, accept]].^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Cicero, and Lewis and Short cite several of his works.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a teacher, instructor or trainer, as in Cicero, Horace and Quintilian.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the Vulgate it was a teacher of the law.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein says ''doctor'' is a teacher who imparts theory to a student, [[praeceptor]] one who leads a pupil to practice.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Christian and Medieval Latin it meant an apostle, a Father of the Church, and a religious teacher or scholar.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''dottore'' and Portuguese ''doutor''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|doctor]] came about 1300 through Old French ''doctour'', first meaning a Church father.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a teacher.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a teacher.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of a teacher of the law.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''doctor'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|teacher]], instructor, trainer.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An apostle; a Father of the Church; a scholar.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[armidoctor]]
+ * [[campidoctor]]
+ * [[doctōrō]]
+ * [[doctrīna]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[doceō]]
+ * [[docibilis]]
+ * [[docibilitās]]
+ * [[docilis]]
+ * [[docilitās]]
+ * [[doctē]]
+ * [[doctificus]]
+ * [[doctiusculē]]
+ * [[doctrīnālis]]
+ * [[doctus]]
+ * [[praeceptor]]
+ * [[en|doctor]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}