extendo Latin · revision 6525

16 Oct 2026, 10:31 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la tendō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈstɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ekˈstɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''extendō''' (present infinitive extendere, perfect active extendī, supine extentum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ex-|t=out]] and [[tendō]] “to stretch”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Both participles, [[extentus]] and [[extēnsus]], occur.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Plautus, of making something taut.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to stretch, make taut, to stretch out the arm, as in Cicero, and to lay out full length, as of the dead in Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to strain, exert oneself, as in Columella, to smooth or straighten, and to spread out, as in Varro.^(OLD 2012) It meant to lengthen, of land to stretch, in grammar to add a syllable, to prolong time, as in Virgil, to spend the whole of a period, and to enlarge the scope of an activity.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to stretch, extend.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in French ''étendre'', Italian ''stendere'' and Spanish ''extender''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|extend]] came through Anglo-French ''estendre'' in the early 14th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of stretching.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of stretching out the arm.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of prolonging time.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 14th century – English ''extend'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To stretch, make taut; to stretch out.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To lay out full length.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To strain, exert.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To spread out; to lengthen.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To prolong; to spend (time).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|extend]], enlarge.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[extēnsiō]]
+ * [[extensipes]]
+ * [[extēnsīvus]]
+ * [[extensor]]
+ * [[extēnsus]]
+ * [[extentiō]]
+ * [[extentō]]
+ * [[superextendō]]
+ * [[extentus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[tendō]]
+ * [[en|extend]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}