fructus Latin · revision 6523

16 Oct 2026, 10:29 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *bʰrewHg-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfruːk.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfruk.tus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''frūctus''' ''m'' (genitive frūctūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[fruor]] “to enjoy” with the suffix -tus, from [[ine-pro|*bʰrewHg-|t=to enjoy, use]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Isidore of Seville derived it from [[frūmen]], the throat with which one eats.^(Isidore)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is the Twelve Tables, of profit, and Köbler dates them about 450 BC.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant enjoyment of something, and in law the right to enjoy the profits of a thing, ''ūsus frūctus'' “usufruct”, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Concretely it meant produce, including the young of animals, crops and fruit, as in Cato, and the yield.^(OLD 2012) It meant financial gain, revenue, income, and figuratively the advantage or reward of something, and pleasure, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Old genitives ''frūctī'' and ''frūctuis'' occur.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ In Christian and Medieval Latin it also meant offspring, posterity.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''frutto'', Portuguese ''fruto'' and Romanian ''frupt''.^(Wiktionary) Through Old French ''fruit'' it is the source of [[en|fruit]] in the late 12th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it of profit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''ūsus frūctus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of produce.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 12th century – English ''fruit'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Enjoyment, ''(law)'' usufruct.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Produce; crops; [[m|en|fruit]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Yield, output.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Profit]], revenue, income.^(OLD 2012)
+ # An advantage, reward.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Pleasure, satisfaction.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Offspring.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[frūctifer]]
+ * [[frūctificō]]
+ * [[frūctuārius]]
+ * [[frūctuōsus]]
+ * [[multifructus]]
+ * [[ūsūfructuārius]]
+ * [[frūctuōsē]]
+ * [[ūsusfrūctus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[frūgālis]]
+ * [[frūgālitās]]
+ * [[frūgāliter]]
+ * [[frūgēscō]]
+ * [[frūgifer]]
+ * [[frūgiparus]]
+ * [[frūmen]]
+ * [[fruor]]
+ * [[frutex]]
+ * [[frūx]]
+ * [[en|fruit]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}