genuinus Latin · revision 6522

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɡɛ.nuˈiː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [d͡ʒe.nuˈiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''genuīnus''' (feminine genuīna, neuter genuīnum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD suggests it was formed from [[ingenuus]] “native, freeborn” on the analogy of [[adulterīnus]] “spurious”, and Etymonline also mentions that influence.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Wiktionary proposes a u-stem *genus from [[ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-|t=to beget]] with the suffix [[-īnus]], comparing [[sa|जनुस्|tr=jánus|t=birth]].^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short and Köbler derive it from [[gignō]] “to beget”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero speaks of native, home-grown virtues.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant inborn, natural, innate, as Cicero's ''genuīnae virtūtēs'', and native, as in Apuleius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Gellius it meant authentic, genuine.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant innate, genuine, authentic.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it meant natural, inborn.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''genuino''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|genuine]] was borrowed in the 1590s, first meaning “natural, not acquired”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of innate virtues.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of authentic things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English ''genuine'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Inborn, natural, innate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Native.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Authentic, [[m|en|genuine]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ingenuus]]

+ * [[gignō]]

+ * [[en|genuine]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different ''genuīnus'', from [[gena]] “cheek”, meant a back tooth, molar, as in Cicero and Juvenal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}