iacto Latin · revision 6509
16 Oct 2026, 10:15 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la iaciō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈjak.toː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjak.to]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''iactō''' (present infinitive iactāre, perfect active iactāvī, supine iactātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is a frequentative of [[iaciō]] “to throw” with the suffix -tō.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Ennius, of hurling.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to throw, hurl, as Cicero's men scattering palm roots, to cast a net or dice, to toss about, and to throw away, jettison cargo, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to wave, brandish, as in Cato, to fling the body about, and of the sea to toss ships to and fro, as in Plautus, figuratively to harass.^(OLD 2012) It meant to hurl words, to discuss freely, and to boast of, as in Caesar, reflexively to brag, show off, and with an ablative to pride oneself on, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ Spanish and Portuguese ''jactar'' “to boast” are borrowings.^(Wiktionary) Late Latin ''iectāre'', which replaced it, gave French ''jeter'' “to throw”, whence [[en|jet]] in the 1690s.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of hurling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of tossing at sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of boasting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1690s – English ''jet'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|throw]], [[m|en|hurl]]; to toss.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To throw away, jettison.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To brandish, wave.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(of the sea)'' To toss; to harass.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To utter; to discuss freely.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|boast]] of, ''(reflexive)'' to show off.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[iactābilis]]
+ * [[iactābundus]]
+ * [[iactantia]]
+ * [[iactanticulus]]
+ * [[iactātiō]]
+ * [[iactātor]]
+ * [[jactātus]]
+ * [[iactitō]]
+ * [[superiactō]]
+ * [[abiectō]]
+ * [[cōniectō]]
+ * [[dēiectō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[iaciō]]
+ * [[en|jet]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}