discipline English · revision 6490

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1200|origins=la disco}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈdɪsɪplɪn/ ''(UK)''; /ˈdɪsəplɪn/, /ˈdɪsəplən/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English, [[bor|fro|descepline|t=discipline, physical punishment; teaching]] and directly [[m|la|disciplīna|t=instruction, teaching, knowledge]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) from [[m|la|discipulus|t=pupil, follower]] (see [[disciple]]).^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Penitential chastisement, punishment for correction: about 1200 in Etymonline;^(Etymonline) NODE has mortification by scourging oneself.^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Etymonline explains the punishing sense through the idea of the order needed for instruction.^(Etymonline) A system of rules is from the mid-14th century, and teaching or learning from 1382.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) A branch of learning is from the late 14th century, about 1386 in the OED.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) Training in proper conduct is from 1434, and military drill from the late 15th century, 1489 in the OED;^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) orderly conduct as a result of training is from about 1500.^(Etymonline) The rules governing a church are from the 1570s.^(Etymonline) The verb, to punish, is from about 1300, and to train or educate from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1200 – penitential chastisement.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1300 – the verb, to punish.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1382 – teaching.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1386 – a branch of learning.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1489 – military drill.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1570s – church discipline.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The practice of training people to obey rules, using punishment to correct disobedience.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Controlled and orderly behaviour; [[self-control]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A branch of knowledge, especially one studied at a university.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Punishment intended to correct.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To train by instruction and practice, especially in self-control.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To punish or [[penalize]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[disciplinal]]

+ * [[discipliner]]

+ * [[indiscipline]]

+ * [[multidiscipline]]

+ * [[self-discipline]]

+ * [[subdiscipline]]

+ * [[overdiscipline]]

+ * [[rediscipline]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[disciple]]

+ * [[disciplinarian]]

+ * [[disciplinary]]

+ * [[interdisciplinary]]

+ * [[multidisciplinary]]

+ * [[disciplined]]

+ * [[disciplinable]]

+ * [[docile]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}