inquino Latin · revision 6484

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪŋ.kʷɪ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈiŋ.kʷi.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inquinō''' (present infinitive inquināre, perfect active inquināvī, supine inquinātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(Wiktionary) The OLD analyses it as [[in-|t=in, on]] and a verb *quinō, apparently related to [[caenum]] “mud, filth” and [[cūniō]] “to defecate”, from which Festus derived it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Pokorny connects it with ''caenum'' and [[obscēnus]].^(Wiktionary) Varro has the spelling ⟨incun-⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of soiling clothing.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to make dirty, befoul, stain, as Plautus' soiled garment, to make unwholesome, as Cicero's water tainted by corpses, and without blame to smear or daub, as in Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it meant to debase, as in Horace, to pollute with crime or make ceremonially unclean, as in Varro, and to besmirch a reputation, defame, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says [[contāminō]] stresses the harmful effect of defilement, ''inquināre'' its loathsomeness.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to spoil, pollute, defile.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Spanish ''enconar'' “to inflame”, and [[en|inquinate]] is a learned borrowing.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of soiling clothes.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of ritual pollution.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of tainted water and of defamation.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To befoul, soil, [[m|en|stain]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To taint; to smear.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To debase, [[m|en|contaminate]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pollute (with crime); to make unclean.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To besmirch, defame.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[coinquinō]]

+ * [[inquināmentum]]

+ * [[inquinātiō]]

+ * [[inquinātē]]

+ * [[inquinātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[caenum]]

+ * [[contāminō]]

+ * [[polluō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}