instituo Latin · revision 6483

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la statuō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ĩːˈstɪ.tu.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈstiː.tu.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnstituō''' (present infinitive īnstituere, perfect active īnstituī, supine īnstitūtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-|t=in, on]] and [[statuō]] “to set up”, with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of setting an activity going and of establishing ceremonies.^(OLD 2012) Plautus also has an old perfect ''instituīvī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to put or place in, as Plautus' arguments set up in the mind, to set in operation, organize, to build, and to raise a military force, as in Caesar.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012) It meant to establish formally an institution or ceremony, to fix a standard, to appoint someone to an office, or as heir, and to originate a custom or set a precedent, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) It meant to start on a task, as in Varro and Terence.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to train, instruct, educate, and to teach a subject, as in Quintilian.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''īnstituere'' establishes a secular institution, [[īnstaurō]] a sacred or important one.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to ordain, establish, instruct.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in French ''instituer'' and Spanish ''instituir''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|institute]] came from its participle in the early 14th century, and [[en|institution]] from ''īnstitūtiō'' about 1400.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of establishing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of building and of raising forces.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of instituting customs and of instructing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''institute'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To set going, organize; to build.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|establish]], found (an institution).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To appoint; to make (heir).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|institute]] (a custom); to set (a precedent).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To begin, set about.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To train, [[m|en|instruct]]; to teach.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[īnstitūtiō]]

+ * [[īnstitūtor]]

+ * [[īnstitūtum]]

+ * [[īnstitūtus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[statuō]]

+ * [[īnstaurō]]

+ * [[en|institute]]

+ * [[en|institution]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}