intendo Latin · revision 6482

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la tendō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪnˈtɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈtɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intendō''' (present infinitive intendere, perfect active intendī, supine intentum or intensum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-|t=towards]] and [[tendō]] “to stretch”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Both participles, [[intentus]] and [[intēnsus]], occur.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Ennius, of bending a bow, and Plautus, of stretching tight.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to tighten by stretching, to bend a bow, as in Ennius, to tune a lyre, to spread over or cover, as in Cato, and to strain one's strength or voice.^(OLD 2012) It meant to intensify, to stretch out the hand towards, as Cicero's right hand stretched towards a statue, and Plautus' finger pointed in scorn, to point weapons, and to direct one's course, eyes or mind, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Intransitively it meant to make for a place, to tend, and to apply oneself, be bent on something, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) In law it meant to maintain a claim and to bring a charge.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to look at, give heed, intend, direct.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in French ''entendre'' “to hear” and Spanish and Portuguese ''entender'' “to understand”.^(Wiktionary) [[en|intend]] came through Old French about 1300, first meaning “to pay attention”, [[en|intense]] from its participle ''intēnsus'' in the early 15th century, and [[en|intention]] from ''intentiō''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of bending a bow.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of pointing a finger and of applying oneself.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of directing the mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''intend'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stretch tight; to bend (a bow).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To spread over; to cover.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strain, exert; to concentrate (the mind).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To intensify; to exaggerate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To stretch out, point (the hand); to direct (the eyes).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To aim (weapons, threats).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To direct (one's course or mind).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To make for; to apply oneself; to [[m|en|intend]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(law)'' To maintain (a claim); to bring (a charge).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[intentiō]]

+ * [[intentīvus]]

+ * [[intentō]]

+ * [[intentus]]

+ * [[superintendo]]

+ * [[intēnsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tendō]]

+ * [[en|intend]]

+ * [[en|intense]]

+ * [[en|intention]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}