lacrimo Latin · revision 6477

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la lacrima}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫa.krɪ.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈlaː.kri.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lacrimō''' (present infinitive lacrimāre, perfect active lacrimāvī, supine lacrimātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[lacrima]] “tear” with the verbal suffix -ō.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''Lacrima'' is a dialectal borrowing of [[grc|δάκρυμα|tr=dákruma|t=tear]], according to Etymonline.^(Etymonline) The archaic spelling is ⟨lacrumō⟩, and a deponent form also occurs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Ennius, of weeping.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to shed tears, weep, as in Cicero, and Seneca's impersonal ''lacrimandum est'' “one must weep”; of statues weeping as a portent, as in Livy, and of eyes, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) With an accusative it meant to weep for, bewail, as in Terence, and of plants to exude drops, as in Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''lacrimāre'' is the physical shedding of tears in joy or sorrow, [[plōrō]] loud weeping.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to weep, show sorrow.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''lacrimare'', Spanish ''lagrimar'' and Romanian ''lăcrima''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|lachrymose]] comes in the 1660s from the related adjective ''lacrimōsus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of weeping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of bewailing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of weeping statues.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1660s – English ''lachrymose'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|weep]], shed tears.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bewail.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of plants)'' To exude drops.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lacrima]]

+ * [[lacrimōsus]]

+ * [[fleō]]

+ * [[plōrō]]

+ * [[en|lachrymose]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}