privo Latin · revision 6426
16 Oct 2026, 08:42 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la prīvus}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpriː.woː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpriː.vo]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''prīvō''' (present infinitive prīvāre, perfect active prīvāvī, supine prīvātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[prīvus]] “single, own, apart” with the verbal suffix -ō, from [[itc-pro|*preiwos]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Gaffiot explains its first sense as “to set apart”.^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Ennius, of depriving of life.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to deprive, rob of something, as Plautus' courtesan who robbed his master of goods, light and honour, and with ''vītā'' to kill.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant to debar from the use of something, as in Terence, and to free from a disadvantage, relieve, as Cicero's ''prīvārī dolōre'' “to be free of pain”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to withhold, deprive, free from.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in French ''priver'' and Italian, Spanish and Portuguese ''privare'', ''privar''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|private]] comes from its participle ''prīvātus'', and [[en|deprive]] from Medieval Latin ''dēprīvāre'' in the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of depriving of life.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of robbing of goods.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of release from pain.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-14th century – English ''deprive'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|deprive]], rob (of).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To debar (from).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To free, relieve (from).^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[prīvātiō]]
+ * [[prīvātīvus]]
+ * [[prīvātō]]
+ * [[prīvātus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[prīvātārius]]
+ * [[prīvātīcius]]
+ * [[prīvātim]]
+ * [[prīvilēgiārius]]
+ * [[prīvilēgium]]
+ * [[prīvus]]
+ * [[en|private]]
+ * [[en|deprive]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}