raucus Latin · revision 6423
16 Oct 2026, 08:39 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la rāvis}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈrau̯.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈraːu̯.kus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''raucus''' (feminine rauca, neuter raucum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[rāvis]] “hoarseness” with the suffix [[-cus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) Etymonline relates it to [[rāvus]] “hoarse”, from [[itc-pro|*rawo-]] and an echoic root.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, whose character has grown hoarse with asking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant hoarse, husky, of persons and voices, as in Plautus and Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of animals it meant harsh-sounding, as Lucretius' crows and Virgil's cicadas, of water and the sea roaring, and of instruments and metal harsh, as Propertius' trumpet.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it meant hoarse, harsh-sounding.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''roco'', Portuguese ''rouco'' and Spanish ''ronco''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|raucous]] was formed from it in 1769.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of hoarseness.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of crows.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of cicadas and of water.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1769 – English ''raucous'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|Hoarse]], husky.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Harsh-sounding, [[m|en|raucous]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(of water)'' Roaring.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[irraucus]]
+ * [[raucedo]]
+ * [[raucidulus]]
+ * [[raucisonus]]
+ * [[raucitās]]
+ * [[subraucus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[rāvis]]
+ * [[rāvus]]
+ * [[en|raucous]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}