regina Latin · revision 6422
16 Oct 2026, 08:38 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la rēx}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [reːˈɡiː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [reˈd͡ʒiː.na]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rēgīna''' ''f'' (genitive rēgīnae, masculine rēx); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[rēx]] “king” with the suffix [[-īna]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary notes the exact formation is uncertain, perhaps from an adjective *reg-īno- “meant for the king”.^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short compare [[sa|राज्ञी|tr=rājñī́|t=queen]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a queen, as Cicero's and Horace's Cleopatra and Virgil's Dido, any princess, and the ''rēgīna sacrōrum'', wife of the ''rēx sacrōrum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was a title of goddesses, especially Juno, as in Propertius, and with a genitive a mistress or queen of something, as Horace's ''rēgīna Pecūnia'' “Queen Money”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was also a woman pre-eminent among others, a title of respect, and in Pacuvius anything dominant in its class.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Medieval Latin it meant a queen consort, queen mother, or queen in her own right.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''regina'', French ''reine'', Spanish ''reina'' and Portuguese ''rainha''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|Regina]] is a borrowing used as a name and title.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a queen and a princess.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it figuratively.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of Cleopatra.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|queen]]; a princess.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(title of goddesses)'' Queen, especially Juno.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A mistress, queen (of).^(OLD 2012)
+ # A pre-eminent woman.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[rēgīnula]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[rēgālia]]
+ * [[rēgāliolus]]
+ * [[rēgālis]]
+ * [[rēgālitās]]
+ * [[rēgāliter]]
+ * [[regēns]]
+ * [[rēgia]]
+ * [[regibilis]]
+ * [[rēgiē]]
+ * [[rēgificē]]
+ * [[rēx]]
+ * [[en|Regina]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}