respicio Latin · revision 6399
16 Oct 2026, 08:15 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la speciō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [rɛsˈpɪ.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [resˈpiː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''respiciō''' (present infinitive respicere, perfect active respexī, supine respectum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[re-|t=back]] and [[speciō]] “to look”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Plautus has an old subjunctive ⟨respexis⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of looking back and of having regard for someone.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to look back, look round, as in Plautus and Cicero, and to turn one's gaze on, see behind one.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to look to someone for help, as in Cicero, of places to face a direction, and to look back on the past, review.^(OLD 2012) It meant to turn one's thoughts to, take notice of, have regard for, as in Terence, and of gods to look favourably on, ''Fortūna Respiciēns'' was a cult title.^(OLD 2012) Of things it meant to relate to, concern, as in Caesar.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to look at, consider, respect, observe.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''rispetto'' and Spanish ''respeto''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|respect]] comes from its noun [[respectus]] in the late 14th century, and through Old French ''respit'' it also gave [[en|respite]] in the mid-13th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of looking back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of having regard for someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of looking to someone for help.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''respect'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To look back, look round.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To look at; to notice behind one.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To look to (for help).^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(of places)'' To face.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To look back on, review.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To take notice of, heed; to have regard for, [[m|en|respect]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To relate to, concern.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[respectiō]]
+ * [[respectus]]
+ * [[respectō]]
+ * [[respiciēns]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[aspiciō]]
+ * [[circumspiciō]]
+ * [[cōnspiciō]]
+ * [[dēspiciō]]
+ * [[dīspiciō]]
+ * [[īnspiciō]]
+ * [[perspiciō]]
+ * [[praespiciō]]
+ * [[prōspiciō]]
+ * [[speciō]]
+ * [[en|respect]]
+ * [[en|respite]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}