specto Latin · revision 6395

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la speciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈspɛk.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈspɛk.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''spectō''' (present infinitive spectāre, perfect active spectāvī, supine spectātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a frequentative of [[speciō]] “to look at”, formed on its participle with the suffix -tō.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Ennius, of looking at something.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to look at, watch, gaze at, as in Plautus and Terence, to watch a show as a spectator, and to observe.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to look at with admiration, to examine, test coins, as in Plautus, and to judge by a standard.^(OLD 2012) It meant to look to someone for support or guidance, to consider, regard, and to have in view, aim at, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Of places it meant to face, lie towards, as in Cato; of things to point to a conclusion; and to concern, bear on.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to observe, behold, contemplate, tend towards, pertain to.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''spettare'' “to be due to”.^(Wiktionary) [[en|spectator]] comes from its agent noun in the 1580s, and [[en|expect]] from its compound [[exspectō]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of looking at something.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of watching and testing coins.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of facing a direction.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1580s – English ''spectator'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To look at, [[m|en|watch]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To watch (a show) as a spectator.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To examine; to test.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To look to (for help or guidance).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To consider; to aim at.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of places)'' To face.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To point to; to concern.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aspectō]]

+ * [[circumspectō]]

+ * [[dēspectō]]

+ * [[exspectō]]

+ * [[īnspectō]]

+ * [[introspectō]]

+ * [[perspectō]]

+ * [[prōspectō]]

+ * [[respectō]]

+ * [[spectābilis]]

+ * [[spectāculum]]

+ * [[spectāmen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[spectrum]]

+ * [[specula]]

+ * [[speculātor]]

+ * [[speculātrīx]]

+ * [[speculor]]

+ * [[speculum]]

+ * [[speciō]]

+ * [[en|spectator]]

+ * [[en|expect]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}