tornus Latin · revision 6392

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *terh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɔr.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɔr.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tornus''' ''m'' (genitive tornī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|τόρνος|tr=tórnos|t=compass; turner's lathe]], from [[ine-pro|*terh₁-|t=to rub, turn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short and Gaffiot cite Lucretius, who speaks of colonnades seeming turned on a lathe.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a turner's lathe, as in Lucretius, Virgil, Pliny the Elder and Vitruvius, and figuratively in Propertius the poet's craft.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant a winch, a turnstile, a settlement of accounts, and the periodical sitting of a court, the “tourn”, and in British sources a lathe, a crossbow winch and a quern.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Spanish and Portuguese ''torno'' and Italian ''tornio''.^(Wiktionary) Its verb [[tornō]] “to turn on a lathe” gave late Old English ''turnian'', whence [[en|turn]], and Old French ''tour'' gave [[en|tour]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a lathe.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 550 – The Hisperica Famina uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''tour'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A turner's [[m|en|lathe]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Craft, polish (of a poet).^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A winch; a turnstile; a periodical court sitting.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tornō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tornātilis]]

+ * [[tornātor]]

+ * [[tornātūra]]

+ * [[en|turn]]

+ * [[en|tour]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}