tracto Latin · revision 6391

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la trahō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtrak.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtrak.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tractō''' (present infinitive tractāre, perfect active tractāvī, supine tractātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a frequentative of [[trahō]] “to draw, drag”, with the suffix -tō.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Ennius, of dragging about, as Hector dragged by Achilles.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to drag about, as in Ennius and Ovid's woman dragged by the hair.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to handle, touch, stroke, manipulate materials, as in Cato, and to dress wounds.^(OLD 2012) It meant to have dealings with someone, to treat someone well or badly, as Plautus' ''male tractāre'' “to maltreat”, to work on a person's mind, and to manage affairs.^(OLD 2012) It meant to carry out a task, of an actor to play a part, as in Cicero, and to spend one's life.^(OLD 2012) It meant to examine, consider, discuss, and to treat a subject in speech or writing.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to treat, handle, manage, discuss, transact.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in French ''traiter'', Italian ''trattare'' and Spanish ''tratar''.^(Wiktionary) Through Old French ''traitier'' it is the source of [[en|treat]] about 1300, and [[en|treaty]] comes from its noun ''tractātus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of dragging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of handling and dealing with.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of playing a part and of discussing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''treat'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To drag about.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To handle, touch; to manipulate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To have dealings with; to [[m|en|treat]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To manage (affairs).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To perform; to play (a part).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To examine; to discuss.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[attrectō]]

+ * [[contrectō]]

+ * [[dētractō]]

+ * [[dētrectō]]

+ * [[intrāctātus]]

+ * [[obtrectō]]

+ * [[pertractō]]

+ * [[praetractō]]

+ * [[retractō]]

+ * [[semitractatus]]

+ * [[tractābilis]]

+ * [[tractātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trahō]]

+ * [[tractātus]]

+ * [[en|treat]]

+ * [[en|treaty]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}