validus Latin · revision 6387

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la valeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwa.lɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvaː.li.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''validus''' (feminine valida, neuter validum, comparative validior, superlative validissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[valeō]] “to be strong, healthy” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, as his vigorous men.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant physically powerful, robust, strong, as Plautus' ''hominēs validī'', of blows vigorous, of plants strong, and of a town thriving, as in Cato.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant healthy, fit, of materials strong, tough, as Lucretius' towers, of food substantial, and of soil rich.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of natural forces and emotions it meant powerful, intense, of drugs potent, of plans bold, and in law valid.^(OLD 2012) Of armies it meant strong in numbers, as in Livy, and of persons influential, as in Sallust, of character resolute, and of style forcible.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short call it mostly poetic and post-Augustan, rare in Cicero and absent from Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein says ''validus'' is strong in an active sense, able to do something.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant rightful, legal, valid, and physically powerful.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in French ''valide'' and Italian ''valido''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|valid]] came in the 1570s, first meaning “legally binding”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of strong men.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a thriving town.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of strong forces.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1570s – English ''valid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Strong]], robust, vigorous.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Healthy, fit.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of materials)'' Strong, tough.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Powerful, intense; potent.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Legally effective, [[m|en|valid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(of forces)'' Strong; influential.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[valdē]]

+ * [[validē]]

+ * [[validitās]]

+ * [[validō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[valeō]]

+ * [[en|valid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}