hood English · revision 6378

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 700|origins=gmw-pro *hōd}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /hʊd/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English hod, [[inh|ang|hōd|t=hood, soft head covering]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) from [[gmw-pro|*hōd]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) cognate with [[ofs|hōd]], [[nl|hoed|t=hat]] and [[de|Hut|t=hat]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and related to [[hat]];^(Hoad 1986) Etymonline suggests PIE *kadh-, to cover.^(Etymonline) The spelling with -oo- is from the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A covering for the head and neck: before 700 in the OED, about 700 in Barnhart.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ A hood worn as a mark of academic or official rank is from 1362.^(OED 1989) The verb, to put a hood on, is from about 1200.^(Etymonline) Hood-like things and animal parts are named from the 17th century.^(Etymonline) A folding cover of a carriage is from 1826, and of a pram by 1866.^(Etymonline) The hinged cover of a car engine is by 1905, called a [[bonnet]] in Britain.^(Etymonline)^(Collins 2023) ''Little Red Riding Hood'' (1729) translates Perrault's Petit Chaperon Rouge.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 700 – a head covering.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1200 – the verb.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1362 – an academic hood.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1826 – a carriage hood.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1905 – a car's engine cover.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A covering for the head and neck, often attached to a coat.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A folding cover over a [[pram]] or open car.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(US)'' The hinged cover over a car engine; a [[bonnet]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A cover over a cooker or machine to draw off fumes.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A coloured band of cloth worn over a gown to show a university degree.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cover with a hood.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hoodlike]]

+ * [[hoody]]

+ * [[hoodless]]

+ * [[hoodie]]

+ * [[hoodmold]]

+ * [[monkshood]]

+ * [[hoodwink]]

+ * [[hooded]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hat]]

+ * [[-hood]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Hood'' is also American slang for a gangster (1930), short for [[hoodlum]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and for a neighbourhood (late 20th century).^(SOED 2002)^(MWU 2024) The suffix [[-hood]] is a different word, from Old English hād, condition.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}