accendo Latin · revision 6370
16 Oct 2026, 07:46 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=la candeō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [akˈkɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [atˈt͡ʃɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''accendō''' (present infinitive accendere, perfect active accendī, supine accēnsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ad-|t=to, on]] and a verb *cand-, as in [[candeō]] “to glow” and [[incendō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Livius Andronicus, of kindling.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to set on fire, kindle, light a lamp or torch, as Cicero's torches, with ''lūmina accēnsa'' “lamp-lighting, dusk”, as in Ennius, and to make bright.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to heat, of pungent things to burn, and to raise prices, as in Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant to stir up feelings or strife, as in Lucretius and Sallust, to aggravate, and to rouse a person, incite.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short explain it as kindling from above, as opposed to [[succendō]] from below, and Döderlein says it sets fire from outside at one point, as a torch.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to inflame, kindle, set fire to.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''accendere'' and Spanish ''acender''.^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it of kindling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of lighting lamps.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of rousing feelings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of stirring up strife.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To set on fire, [[m|en|kindle]]; to light (a lamp).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To make bright.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To heat; to raise (prices).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To stir up, arouse; to aggravate.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To rouse, [[m|en|inflame]] (a person).^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[accendium]]
+ * [[accēnsibilis]]
+ * [[accēnsus]]
+ * [[inaccensus]]
+ * [[reaccendo]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[candeō]]
+ * [[incendō]]
+ * [[succendō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}