adiuvo Latin · revision 6367
16 Oct 2026, 07:43 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la iuvō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈad.jʊ.woː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈad.ju.vo]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''adiuvō''' (present infinitive adiuvāre, perfect active adiūvī or adiuvāvī, supine adiūtum or adiuvātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ad-|t=to]] and [[iuvō]] “to help”.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of helping persons.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to help, assist, aid, as Cicero's helping of good citizens, with military forces, as in Cato, with money, medically, by encouragement, and by compensation.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Of circumstances it meant to be of advantage, with impersonal ''adiuvat'' “it helps”, and of testimony to support a case.^(OLD 2012) It meant to strengthen, nourish, to promote the success of an action, as in Plautus, and in a bad sense to aggravate, as in Caesar.^(OLD 2012) Ennius and Plautus have the short forms ''adiūrō'' and ''adiuerit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to help, assist, support.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in archaic Italian ''aggiovare''.^(Wiktionary) Through its participle ''adiūtus'' and frequentative ''adiūtāre'' it gave Old French ''aidier'', whence [[en|aid]] about 1400, and [[en|adjutant]] about 1600.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of helping.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of military help.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of helping citizens.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1400 – English ''aid'' (verb) is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|help]], assist, aid.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To be of advantage, ''adiuvat'', it helps.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To support (a case).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To strengthen; to promote.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To aggravate.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[adiūtō]]
+ * [[adiūtor]]
+ * [[adiūmentum]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[iuvō]]
+ * [[en|aid]]
+ * [[en|adjutant]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}