excess English · revision 6363
16 Oct 2026, 07:39 by bogdan “en10k b0273: stole … swim” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1382|origins=la cedo}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ˈɛksɛs/, /ɪkˈsɛs/^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is Middle English exces, [[bor|fro|excès]] and directly [[m|la|excessus|t=departure; going beyond bounds]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) from [[m|la|excēdo|alt=excēdere|t=to go beyond]] (see [[exceed]]), from [[m|la|ex-|t=out]] and [[m|la|cēdo|alt=cēdere|t=to go]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ An extravagant show of emotion, ecstasy: before 1382, in the Wycliffe Bible;^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) more than enough, before 1387, in Trevisa.^(Barnhart 1988)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Going beyond proper limits, lack of restraint in indulging the appetites, and the amount by which one quantity exceeds another are from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Violence of passion is from 1423.^(OED 1989) As an adjective, more than is necessary, it is from the late 15th century.^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) The insurance ''excess'', the part of a claim the insured pays, is a British use.^(Collins 2023) ''In excess of'' means more than.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023) The verb, to make a job redundant, is from 1971.^(MWU 2024)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * before 1382 – extravagant emotion.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * before 1387 – more than enough.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * late 14th century – overindulgence.^(Etymonline)
+ * late 15th century – the adjective.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # An amount of something greater than is necessary, permitted or desirable.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+ # Lack of moderation, especially in eating or drinking; [[overindulgence]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+ # The amount by which one quantity exceeds another.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+ # ''(British)'' The part of an insurance claim paid by the insured person.^(Collins 2023)
+
+ ===Adjective===
+ # More than is usual or allowed: ''excess baggage''.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[spherical excess]]
+ * [[excess baggage]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[exceed]]
+ * [[excessive]]
+ * [[proceed]]
+ * [[access]]
+ * [[recess]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}