affinis Latin · revision 6341
16 Oct 2026, 07:17 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la fīnis}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [afˈfiː.nɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [afˈfiː.nis]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''affīnis''' (neuter affīne); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ad-|t=at]] and [[fīnis]] “boundary”: bordering on.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of being implicated and of relations by marriage.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant lying next to, bordering on, as in Cicero, and related by marriage, as in Terence, poetically of kinship.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of things it meant closely related, akin, as in Varro, and of persons connected with, implicated in, as in Plautus, or prone to a vice.^(OLD 2012) As a noun it meant a neighbour, a relation by marriage, as in Plautus, and an accomplice, as in Livy.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant allied, related by marriage.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it meant a neighbour, an adjacent plot and a boundary stone.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in French ''affin'' and Italian ''affine''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|affinity]] comes from its noun ''affīnitās'' about 1300, first meaning relation by marriage, and [[en|paraffin]] was coined about 1830 from ''parum affīnis'' “having little affinity”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of relations by marriage and accomplices.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of relation by marriage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of bordering lands.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''affinity'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Bordering, neighbouring.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Related by marriage.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Closely related, akin.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Implicated (in); prone (to).^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ===Noun===
+ # A neighbour.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A relation by marriage, [[m|en|in-law]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # An accomplice.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[affīnitās]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[fīnis]]
+ * [[en|affinity]]
+ * [[en|paraffin]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}