agmen Latin · revision 6340

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₂eǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈaɡ.mɛn]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaɡ.men]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''agmen''' ''n'' (genitive agminis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[agō]] “to drive, lead” with the suffix [[-men]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂éǵ-mn̥|t=train, course]], from the root [[ine-pro|*h₂eǵ-|t=to drive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Cognate with [[sa|अज्मन्|tr=ájman|t=course, train]].^(Wiktionary) Isidore of Seville explained it as an army on the march, from ⟨agere⟩ “to go”.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Ennius, whom the OLD cites for a stream of water and for groups of animals.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a stream, current, a downpour, the course of anything moving, as Virgil's serpents making straight for Laocoön and the gentle flow of the Tiber, and a mass or throng of things.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant a series, a train, a crowd or host of people, a retinue, and especially an army on the march, a column, as in Cicero and Caesar, with ''agmen cōgere'' “to bring up the rear”, and a march itself.^(OLD 2012) It also meant a battle line, an army, a line of ships, and a herd or team of animals, as in Ennius.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein groups ''agmen'' with [[caterva]] and [[cohors]] as an assembled multitude in order.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a throng, multitude, host.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it meant a line of march, procession, a company, a swarm of bees, and a joust.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a stream and of animals.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of an army on the march.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of the parts of a column.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a host and of a course.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A stream; a course, movement.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A mass, throng; a series, train.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A crowd, host; a retinue.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An army on the march, a [[m|en|column]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A march.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A battle line; an army.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A herd, team.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[agminālis]]

+ * [[agminātim]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[agō]]

+ * [[caterva]]

+ * [[cohors]]

+ * [[exāmen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}