bellicus Latin · revision 6325
16 Oct 2026, 07:01 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la bellum}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈbɛl.lɪ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈbɛl.li.kus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''bellicus''' (feminine bellica, neuter bellicum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[bellum]] “war”, Old Latin ⟨duellum⟩, with the suffix [[-icus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The old form ⟨duellicus⟩ occurs in Plautus and Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Plautus, who speaks of the art of war.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant of war, military, as Plautus' ''ars duellica'' and Cicero's ''bellica virtūs'' “military merit” and ''rēs bellicae'' “warfare”, and warlike, as in Propertius.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''Bellicum canere'' meant to sound the signal for attack, and figuratively to begin hostilities, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin ''vāsa bellica'' were arms.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it meant warlike.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''bellico'' and Spanish ''bélico''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|bellicose]] comes from its derivative [[bellicōsus]] in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''ars duellica''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''bellica virtūs''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of warlike things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''bellicose'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of war, military.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Warlike]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''bellicum canere'', to sound the attack; to begin hostilities.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[bellicum]]
+ * [[bellicōsus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[bellātor]]
+ * [[bellātōrius]]
+ * [[bellātrīx]]
+ * [[bellātulus]]
+ * [[bellāx]]
+ * [[bellifer]]
+ * [[belliger]]
+ * [[belligerātor]]
+ * [[belligerō]]
+ * [[bellipotēns]]
+ * [[bellum]]
+ * [[en|bellicose]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}