calceus Latin · revision 6320

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la calx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkaɫ.ke.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkal̠ʲ.t͡ʃe.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''calceus''' ''m'' (genitive calceī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[calx]] “heel” with the suffix [[-eus]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) A form ⟨calcius⟩ also occurs.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of shoes.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a shoe or half-boot covering the whole foot, as opposed to sandals, as in Cicero, and Pliny the Elder mentions a left shoe put on the wrong way.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) The ''calceus Sicyōnius'' was a soft slipper, the ''calceī mulleī'' or ''patriciī'' the red shoes of senators who had held curule office, as in Cato, and the ''calceus Bardaicus'' a soldier's shoe, as in Juvenal.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant a shoe, and a horseshoe.^(DMLBS) Romanian ''încălțăminte'' “footwear” and Italian ''calcetto'' are related forms.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of shoes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses ''calceī mulleī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a shoe.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|shoe]], half-boot.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''calceī mulleī'', the red shoes of senators.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A horseshoe.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[calceārium]]

+ * [[calceārius]]

+ * [[calceō]]

+ * [[calceolus]]

+ * [[calcea]]

+ * [[calceāria]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[calx]]

+ * [[calcō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}