census Latin · revision 6314

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la cēnseō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkẽː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛn.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cēnsus''' ''m'' (genitive cēnsūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cēnseō]] “to assess, rate” with the action suffix -tus.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Wiktionary reconstructs [[itc-pro|*kenssos]], remade from *kenstos, [[ine-pro|*ḱn̥s-tós]], from [[ine-pro|*ḱens-|t=to proclaim, assess]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Plautus, and the OLD cites him for property, wealth.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the five-yearly registration of Roman citizens and their property and their assignment to classes, the census, as in Varro and Livy, and the census roll, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant the property qualification of a class, the members of a class, and property, wealth, one's fortune, as in Plautus, also of states, and figuratively of other things.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant cost, tribute, rating.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it meant a tax, a traffic toll, a tribute imposed on peoples, and in England the Domesday assessment.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in French ''cens'' “quitrent”, and Italian and Spanish ''censo'' are borrowings.^(Wiktionary) [[en|census]] was borrowed in the 1610s with reference to Roman history.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of wealth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the census.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the census roll and property classes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1610s – English ''census'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|census]], registration of citizens and property.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The census roll.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A property qualification; a property class.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Property, wealth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|tax]], tribute.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[censuālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cēnseō]]

+ * [[cēnsor]]

+ * [[en|census]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Cēnsus'' is also the perfect participle of [[cēnseō]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}