claustrum Latin · revision 6312

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la claudō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɫau̯s.trũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈklau̯s.trum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''claustrum''' ''n'' (genitive claustrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[claudō]] “to shut” with the instrumental suffix [[-trum]], from [[itc-pro|*klaudtrom]], from [[ine-pro|*kleh₂ud-|t=key, hook]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) A spelling ⟨clostrum⟩ also occurs.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Plautus, of a bolt.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a bolt or bar for a door, in Ovid a key, and a confining place, a cage or prison, as in Virgil, and the starting gates of a racecourse.^(OLD 2012) It meant a position that controls access to a country, a “key”, as in Cicero, a pass or strait, as in Livy and Virgil, and a natural or artificial barrier.^(OLD 2012) It is used mostly in the plural ''claustra''.^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein says [[sera]] is a movable bar, ''claustrum'' a bolt fixed to the door.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Christian and Medieval Latin it meant a cloister, monastery, the buildings of a monastic community, and figuratively the confinement of the flesh or the bolts of heaven and hell.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''chiostro'' and Old French ''cloistre''.^(Wiktionary) Through Old French it is the source of [[en|cloister]] in the early 13th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a bolt.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a key position.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a prison and a strait.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''cloister'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A bolt, bar; a key.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An enclosure, cage, prison.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A key position; a pass, strait.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A barrier.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|cloister]], monastery.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[claustellum]]

+ * [[claustrārius]]

+ * [[claustritumus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[claudō]]

+ * [[claustra]]

+ * [[claustrālis]]

+ * [[claustrāliter]]

+ * [[clāvis]]

+ * [[clāvus]]

+ * [[en|cloister]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}