colonus Latin · revision 6310
16 Oct 2026, 06:46 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=la colō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔˈɫoː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koˈlɔː.nus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''colōnus''' ''m'' (genitive colōnī, feminine colōna); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from the root of [[colō]] “to till, inhabit”, with an ending ⟨-ōnus⟩ of uncertain origin.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Leumann suggests a remodelling of [[agricola]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Cato, of a farmer.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a cultivator, farmer, as in Cato and Varro, a tenant farmer, as in Cicero, an inhabitant, as of the gods in Varro, and a settler in a colony, a colonist, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant an inhabitant, dweller.^(Stelten 1995) In Late and Medieval Latin it was a tenant with a hereditary holding, tied to the soil, a serf, and a peasant.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian and Spanish ''colono''.^(Wiktionary) Köbler connects [[en|clown]] with it, but Etymonline calls the origin of ''clown'' obscure.^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) [[en|colonist]] comes from ''colony'', from its derivative [[colōnia]].^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a farmer.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of an inhabitant.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a tenant and a colonist.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1701 – English ''colonist'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|farmer]], cultivator.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|tenant]] farmer.^(OLD 2012)
+ # An inhabitant.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A colonist, settler.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Late Latin)'' A hereditary tenant tied to the soil.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[colōna]]
+ * [[colōnārius]]
+ * [[colōnātus]]
+ * [[colōnia]]
+ * [[colōnicus]]
+ * [[concolona]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[agricola]]
+ * [[colō]]
+ * [[colōniārius]]
+ * [[culta]]
+ * [[cultē]]
+ * [[cultiō]]
+ * [[cultor]]
+ * [[cultrīx]]
+ * [[cultūra]]
+ * [[cultus]]
+ * [[en|colonist]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}