comburo Latin · revision 6308
16 Oct 2026, 06:44 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la ūrō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔmˈbuː.roː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [komˈbuː.ro]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''combūrō''' (present infinitive combūrere, perfect active combussī, supine combustum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[con-]] and [[ūrō]] “to burn”, with a ⟨b⟩ taken from [[ambūrō]] “to burn round”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Ennius, of destroying by fire.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to burn up, destroy by fire, as Plautus' house and Caesar's corn and ships, to reduce to ashes in making medicines, as in Cato, to scald, and in Propertius to be consumed with love.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to cremate a body, or to burn someone alive, as in Varro, to use up by burning, and of corrosive agents or disease to eat into.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to burn, consume.^(Stelten 1995) French ''comburer'' and Italian ''comburere'' are borrowings.^(Wiktionary) [[en|combustion]] comes from its noun ''combustiō'' in the early 15th century, and [[en|combust]] from its participle ''combustus''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of burning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of burning a house.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of calcining.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''combustion'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|burn]] up, consume by fire.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To calcine; to scald.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To cremate; to burn alive.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To eat into, corrode.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(passive, figurative)'' To be consumed with love.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[combustiō]]
+ * [[combustum]]
+ * [[combustura]]
+ * [[sēmicombustus]]
+ * [[uiuicomburium]]
+ * [[combustibilis]]
+ * [[combustīvus]]
+ * [[combustor]]
+ * [[combustus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ūrō]]
+ * [[ambūrō]]
+ * [[en|combustion]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}