damno Latin · revision 6303

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la damnum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdam.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdam.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''damnō''' (present infinitive damnāre, perfect active damnāvī, supine damnātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[damnum]] “loss, penalty” with the verbal suffix -ō.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) ⟨Damnum⟩ goes back to [[ine-pro|*dh₂pnóm]], from [[ine-pro|*deh₂p-|t=to divide, apportion]].^(Wiktionary) Vulgar and Late Latin also spell it ⟨dampnō⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of condemning.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to pass judgement against, condemn, as Cicero's ''ille quoque damnātus est'', for a crime or to a penalty, and to secure someone's condemnation, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to judge at fault, find fault with, to renounce or reject, as in Seneca, and to discredit by comparison.^(OLD 2012) It meant to deliver someone by sentence, to doom to a fate, as in Ovid, and with ''vōtī'' to oblige a god to fulfil a vow, as in Nepos, and under a will to bind, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to condemn.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''dannare'', Spanish ''dañar'' and Romanian ''dăuna''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|damn]] came through Old French ''dampner'' in the late 13th century as a legal term.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of condemning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of condemnation for crimes.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of dooming to a fate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 13th century – English ''damn'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|condemn]], sentence.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To secure the condemnation of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To find fault with; to reject.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To doom (to a fate).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''vōtī damnāre'', to oblige to fulfil a vow.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To [[m|en|damn]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[condemnō]]

+ * [[damnābilis]]

+ * [[damnātīcius]]

+ * [[damnātiō]]

+ * [[damnātor]]

+ * [[dedamno]]

+ * [[indemnātus]]

+ * [[praedamnō]]

+ * [[damnōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[damnum]]

+ * [[en|damn]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}