gaudium Latin · revision 6272
16 Oct 2026, 06:08 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la gaudeō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɡau̯.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɡaːu̯.di.um]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''gaudium''' ''n'' (genitive gaudiī or gaudī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[gaudeō]] “to rejoice” with the suffix [[-ium]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Ennius has a shortened form ⟨gau⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of joy and its sources.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant joy, delight, gladness, inward joy, which Gaffiot calls more restrained than [[laetitia]], as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It meant a source of joy, an expression of it, and personified Joy, as in Plautus, and physical or sensual delight, as in Cicero, and of persons or things a joy, delight.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Christian and Medieval Latin it meant joy, spiritual or temporal, and the plural ''gaudia'' were the beads of a rosary.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010) The DÉRom reconstructs Proto-Romance */ˈɡaudi-u/ “joy”, with descendants in most of the western Romance languages.^(DÉRom) Through Old French ''joie'', from the plural ''gaudia'', it is the source of [[en|joy]] about 1200, and [[en|gaudy]] goes back to a rosary bead called a ''gaudy''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has the short form ''gau''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of joy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of joy and sensual delight.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''joy'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|Joy]], delight, gladness.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A source of joy; an expression of joy.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Physical or sensual delight.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin, plural)'' Rosary beads.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[gaudiālis]]
+ * [[gaudivigēns]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[gaudeō]]
+ * [[laetitia]]
+ * [[en|joy]]
+ * [[en|gaudy]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}