sumo Latin · revision 6263

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Naevius|origins=la emō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsuː.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsuː.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sūmō''' (present infinitive sūmere, perfect active sūmpsī or surēmī or surēmpsī, supine sūmptum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from *subs- ([[sub-]]) and [[emō]] “to take”, with an excrescent ⟨p⟩ in ⟨sūmpsī⟩ and ⟨sūmptum⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) ''Emō'' goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₁em-|t=to take]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citation is Naevius, who has the perfect infinitive ''sūmpse''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to take up, take in hand, as Cicero's vase, to take up arms, to put on clothes, as in Plautus, and to take food or medicine, as in Cato.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to take possession of, take a rest or an opportunity, to get money from a source, borrow, and to exact punishment.^(OLD 2012) It meant to spend money or time, to pick on someone for a duty, to adopt a child, to adopt an opinion or borrow ideas, and to assume a quality or a tone, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) With ''sibi'' it meant to take on a task or claim a virtue, and in logic to assume a premiss.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says ''sūmere'' is to take up in order to use, [[capiō]] to seize in order to possess.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to take, assume, obtain, consume.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Spanish and Portuguese ''sumir''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|assume]] and [[en|consume]] come from its compounds ''assūmere'' and ''cōnsūmere'', and [[en|consumption]] from ''cōnsūmptiō''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it of taking up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of taking food.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of assuming qualities and premisses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''consume'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|take]] up; to put on (clothes).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To take (food, medicine).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To take possession of; to borrow.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To spend (money, time).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To choose; to adopt.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|assume]] (a quality, a premiss).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''sibi sūmere'', to take upon oneself; to claim.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[absūmō]]

+ * [[assūmō]]

+ * [[cōnsūmō]]

+ * [[dēsūmō]]

+ * [[īnsūmō]]

+ * [[praesūmō]]

+ * [[resūmō]]

+ * [[sumptiō]]

+ * [[sumptitō]]

+ * [[sūmptus]]

+ * [[trānsūmō]]

+ * [[adsūmō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[emō]]

+ * [[en|consume]]

+ * [[en|assume]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}