fortuna Latin · revision 6259

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [fɔrˈtuː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [forˈtuː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fortūna''' ''f'' (genitive fortūnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[fors]] “chance”, as a feminine noun from an unattested adjective *fortūnus, [[itc-pro|*fortūnā]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰr̥-tew-n-éh₂]], built on the root of [[ferō]] “to bear, bring”.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of Fortune as a force and as a goddess.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the agency that directs events, Fortune, good or bad, with ''bona fortūna'', and the goddess Fortuna, as in Plautus and Cicero, ''per fortūnās'' was an earnest appeal.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant fortune as granting success, as in Ennius, the luck of a general, the workings of chance, an opportunity, an outcome, and one's fate, destiny.^(OLD 2012) It meant prosperity, misfortune, condition, rank, and in the plural wealth, property, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Naevius has the old genitive ''fortūnās''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Döderlein contrasts [[cāsus]], chance as a natural agent, with [[fors]], chance personified.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant the right to treasure trove, and ''fortūna maris'' was the risk of a sea voyage.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''fortuna'' and Romanian ''furtună'' “storm”.^(Wiktionary) Through Old French it is the source of [[en|fortune]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of Fortune and of fate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of fortune granting success.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of wealth and of the goddess.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''fortune'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Fortune]], chance (personified); the goddess Fortuna.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Luck]]; success.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An opportunity; an outcome.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Fate]], destiny.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Prosperity; misfortune.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Condition, rank.^(OLD 2012)

+ # (plural) Wealth, property.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fortunarius]]

+ * [[fortūnō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fors]]

+ * [[forsan]]

+ * [[forsit]]

+ * [[forsitan]]

+ * [[fortāsse]]

+ * [[fortāssis]]

+ * [[forte]]

+ * [[fortuītō]]

+ * [[fortuītus]]

+ * [[fortūnātus]]

+ * [[en|fortune]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}