conscius Latin · revision 6244

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la sciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkõː.ski.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔn̠ʲ.ʃi.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnscius''' (feminine cōnscia, neuter cōnscium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[con-|t=with]] and the root of [[sciō]] “to know”, with the adjective suffix -us, or from [[cōnsciō]] “to be aware”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Etymonline suggests it may be a loan-translation of [[grc|συνειδώς|tr=syneidṓs]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first citations are from Plautus, of sharing secret knowledge and of a guilty conscience.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Terence.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant sharing knowledge, especially secret knowledge, privy to, as Cicero's man most privy to his zeal for his friend, and poetically of things, as Virgil's witnessing stars.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) As a noun it meant an accomplice, accessory to a crime or plot, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) With a reflexive dative it meant inwardly aware, conscious of one's own acts, as in Ovid, and it also meant conscious of guilt, guilty, as in Plautus and Catullus.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant sharing knowledge, privy.^(DMLBS) [[en|conscious]] was borrowed about 1600, first meaning “privy to”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of shared secrets and of guilt.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of accomplices.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of inner awareness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – English ''conscious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Sharing knowledge, privy (to).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Privy to a crime, (as noun) an [[m|en|accomplice]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Inwardly aware, [[m|en|conscious]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Conscious of guilt, [[m|en|guilty]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inconscius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sciō]]

+ * [[cōnsciō]]

+ * [[cōnscientia]]

+ * [[en|conscious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}