defrutum Latin · revision 6230

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰru-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdeː.frʊ.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɛː.fru.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfrutum''' ''n'' (genitive dēfrutī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[dē-]] and [[itc-pro|*fruto-|t=boiled]], [[ine-pro|*bʰru-to-|t=boiled]], the participle of the root of [[ferveō]] “to boil”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Since Latin has ⟨f⟩ here, the regular reflex of *bʰ- at the start of a word, the compound is not very old.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[cy|brwd|t=warm]], [[sga|bruithe|t=boiled]] and [[ang|broþ|t=broth]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Schrijver separates this root *bʰru- “to boil” from *bʰr(e)h₁u- “to seethe”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant grape juice boiled down into a syrup; according to Varro and Columella it was boiled down to a third, according to Pliny the Elder to a half.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato and Virgil use it.^(Gaffiot 2016) The variants ''dēfritum'', with a reduced vowel, and ''dēfretum'' are also recorded.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella describes it as must boiled down to a third.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Grape juice boiled down into a [[m|en|syrup]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēfrutārius]]

+ * [[dēfrutō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fermentum]]

+ * [[ferveō]]

+ * [[en|broth]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}