follis Latin · revision 6223

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɔl.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfɔl.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''follis''' ''m'' (genitive follis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan connects it with Proto-Celtic *bol-, as in [[sga|ball|t=member, limb]] and [[cy|balleg|t=sack, purse]], but leaves the further origin open.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary derives it from [[ine-pro|*bʰolǵʰ-n-is]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰelǵʰ-|t=to swell]].^(Wiktionary) The OLD compares [[goh|bolla|t=bubble]] and [[sga|bolg|t=leather bag]], and Etymonline traces it to [[ine-pro|*bʰel-|t=to blow, swell]].^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose miser ties a bag over his mouth when he goes to sleep so as not to lose his breath.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a bag or sack, a large inflated ball, as in Martial, and a pair of bellows, as Plautus' bull-hide bellows and Livy's smith's bellows.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short also give a leather money-bag, as in Juvenal.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Late Latin an adjective ''follus'' “mad” developed from it.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Etymonline) It survives in Italian ''folle'' “mad”, Spanish ''fuelle'' and Romanian ''foale'' “bellows”.^(Wiktionary) Through Old French ''fol'' it is the source of [[en|fool]], recorded in the early 13th century, and [[en|follicle]] comes from its diminutive ''folliculus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a bag and of bellows.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a smith's bellows.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of a ball.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''fool'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|bag]], sack.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A large inflated [[m|en|ball]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A pair of [[m|en|bellows]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A leather money-bag.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[folleō]]

+ * [[follicō]]

+ * [[folliculus]]

+ * [[folligena]]

+ * [[follitim]]

+ * [[follītus]]

+ * [[folleātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|fool]]

+ * [[en|follicle]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}