rideo Latin · revision 6210

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Naevius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈriː.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈriː.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rīdeō''' (present infinitive rīdēre, perfect active rīsī, supine rīsum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It has no good Proto-Indo-European etymology.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) The old comparison with [[sa|व्रीडते|tr=vrīḍate|t=is ashamed]], which the OLD still mentions, is semantically gratuitous according to de Vaan.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Roberts proposed [[ine-pro|*wert-|t=to turn]], of turning the mouth, and Lewis and Short compared a Boeotian word for laughing.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to laugh, as Plautus' matrons who should laugh quietly at the play, and to laugh as a sign of goodwill, to smile on someone.^(OLD 2012) Of things with a bright, cheerful look it meant to “laugh” or “smile”, as a house that smiles, and of ripe figs to split open.^(OLD 2012) Transitively it meant to laugh at a joke, and to deride, mock, as Cicero's Naevius who laughs at our folly.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Petronius has a deponent ''rīdētur''.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says it is a joyous and moderate laugh, while [[cachinnor]] is an unrestrained guffaw.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ It survives in Italian ''ridere'', French ''rire'' and Romanian ''râde''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|ridiculous]] and [[en|risible]] come from its derivatives ''rīdiculus'' and ''rīsus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of an audience laughing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of mockery.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English ''ridiculous'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|laugh]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To smile on, laugh in goodwill.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of things)'' To look bright, “smile”.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To split open, gape.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To laugh at (a joke).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|deride]], mock.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arrīdeō]]

+ * [[corrīdeō]]

+ * [[dērīdeō]]

+ * [[irrīdeō]]

+ * [[rīdibundus]]

+ * [[rīdiculus]]

+ * [[rīsibilis]]

+ * [[rīsiloquium]]

+ * [[rīsiō]]

+ * [[rīsitō]]

+ * [[rīsor]]

+ * [[rīsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|ridiculous]]

+ * [[en|risible]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}