temno Latin · revision 6207
16 Oct 2026, 05:05 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=back-formation|attested=Lucretius}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɛm.noː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɛm.no]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''temnō''' (present infinitive temnere, perfect active tempsī or temsī, supine temptum or temtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is a back-formation from the older compound [[contemnō]] “to despise”, found from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Its origin is disputed: the sense “scorn” probably grew from a concrete one.^(de Vaan 2008) Walde and Hofmann, Ernout and Meillet and the OLD derive it from *stemb- “to shake, pound”, as in [[grc|στέμβω|tr=stémbō|t=to shake about]], which de Vaan thinks is probably not Indo-European.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The LIV, Sihler and Meiser derive it from [[ine-pro|*temh₁-|t=to cut]], as in [[grc|τέμνω|tr=témnō|t=to cut]], with a nasal present *tm̥-n(e)-h₁-, and Lewis and Short already compared the Greek word.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius, who reproaches someone for always longing for what is absent and scorning what is present.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to scorn, despise, disdain, as Virgil's warning in the underworld not to scorn the gods.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short call it poetic and very rare beside the Classical ''contemnere''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus has ''haud temnenda manus'', a force not to be despised.^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein distinguishes [[spernō]], to reject, [[contemnō]], to think little of what is great or fearful, and [[dēspiciō]], to look down on.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ [[en|contempt]] comes from ''contemptus'', the participle of the compound.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the compound ''contemnere''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses the simple verb.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of scorning the gods.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|scorn]], [[m|en|despise]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[contemnō]]
+ * [[temnibilis]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[contumāx]]
+ * [[en|contempt]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}