venia Latin · revision 6203

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *wenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɛ.ni.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛː.ni.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''venia''' ''f'' (genitive veniae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wen(i)jā-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*wenh₁-ih₂-|t=desire]], from the root [[ine-pro|*wenh₁-|t=to desire, love]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|fine|t=family, kindred]], [[goh|wini|t=friend]], [[goh|wunna|t=joy]] and [[ang|wynn|t=joy]].^(de Vaan 2008) It is related to [[Venus]] and [[veneror]] “to revere”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose prologue says the pious find favour with the gods sooner than the wicked.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In religious language it meant a favour or kindness, and a favour of permission, leave, as Terence's ''dā veniam'' “grant this”.^(OLD 2012) It came to mean indulgence for shortcomings, an excuse, and in the phrase ''bonā veniā'' “with your kind leave”, as Cicero's ''bonā tuā veniā dīxerim''.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Above all it meant forgiveness, pardon, as Cicero's man who asks pardon for his offence, and also relief, respite.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant a prostration or genuflection, leave, relief, and a rank of honour.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Spanish and Italian ''venia''.^(Wiktionary) Late Latin ''veniālis'' “pardonable” gave [[en|venial]] about 1300, first of sins.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the gods' favour and of pardon.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of permission.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''bonā veniā''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''venial'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|favour]], kindness; permission, leave.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Indulgence]]; an excuse.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''bonā veniā'': by your leave.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Forgiveness]], [[m|en|pardon]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Relief, respite.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|genuflection]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Venus]]

+ * [[veneror]]

+ * [[en|venial]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}