uro Latin · revision 6202

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *h₁ews-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈuː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈuː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ūrō''' (present infinitive ūrere, perfect active ussī, supine ustum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ouse/o-|t=to burn]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁éws-e/o-|t=to burn]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|ओषति|tr=óṣati|t=burns]], [[grc|εὕω|tr=heúō|t=to singe]], [[non|ysja|t=fire]] and [[ang|ysle|t=hot ashes]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The compound [[combūrō]] arose from [[ambūrō]] “to burn around”, misdivided as am-būrere.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from the Twelve Tables, which forbid burying or burning a dead man in the city.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates the Twelve Tables about 450 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to destroy by fire, burn, to ravage a district by burning in war, and to burn a body on a pyre.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to heat or scorch, to cauterize a wound, as Cicero's comparison of cutting and burning a diseased limb, to burn pigments in encaustic painting, and to brand or torture with fire.^(OLD 2012) Of the sun it meant to scorch, parch or tan, of frost to nip, and of fever or thirst to burn.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant to inflame with love, as Virgil's ''mē ūrit amor'', to sting with jealousy or grief, as in Terence, and of war or trouble to press painfully on.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ [[en|combustion]] comes from ''combūrere'', recorded in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables forbid burning the dead in the city.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of jealousy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of cauterizing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of love.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''combustion'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|burn]], destroy by fire.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To heat, [[m|en|scorch]]; to [[m|en|cauterize]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hurt or torture by burning.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of the sun)'' To scorch, parch, tan.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of fever, thirst)'' To burn.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To inflame with love.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To sting with resentment or grief.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To chafe, make sore.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adūrō]]

+ * [[ambūrō]]

+ * [[circumustus]]

+ * [[combūrō]]

+ * [[deūrō]]

+ * [[exūrō]]

+ * [[inūrō]]

+ * [[inustus]]

+ * [[obū̆stus]]

+ * [[perūrō]]

+ * [[praeūrō]]

+ * [[sēmiustus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bustum]]

+ * [[en|combustion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}