verres Latin · revision 6187

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *wérsēn}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɛr.reːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛr.res]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''verrēs''' ''m'' (genitive verris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wors-en-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂wr̥s-en-|t=male]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|वृषन्|tr=vṛ́ṣan|t=manly; male animal]], [[grc|ἄρσην|tr=ársēn|t=male]] and [[lt|ver̃šis|t=bull calf]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The nominative is a remodelling of an expected *verrē, from *werrēn.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The root might be *wers- “to rise”, unless the word for “male” began with a laryngeal.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant an uncastrated male pig, a boar, as in Varro, who also has the nominative ''verris'', and Columella.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Cicero punned on it with the name of Verres, the governor of Sicily he prosecuted.^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein says [[sūs]] is the general word for swine, and ''verrēs'', [[scrōfa]] and [[porcus]] are farmers' words.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was a boar.^(DMLBS) It survives in Romanian ''vier'' and French ''verrat''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of boars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero puns on the name Verres.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|boar]], uncastrated male pig.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sūs]]

+ * [[porcus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Verrēs'' is also the name of Gaius Verres, prosecuted by Cicero in 70 BC for his misgovernment of Sicily.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}