furnus Latin · revision 6175

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *gʷʰer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfʊr.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfur.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''furnus''' ''m'' (genitive furnī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from earlier [[m|la|fornus]], [[inh|itc-pro|*χworno-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*gʷʰr̥-no-|t=heat, oven]], from the root [[ine-pro|*gʷʰer-|t=to be hot]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|gorn|t=fire]], [[sa|घृण|tr=ghṛṇá|t=heat, glow]] and [[ru|горн|tr=gorn|t=blacksmith's hearth]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The raising of /or/ to /ur/ before a consonant was going on in part of Roman speech, perhaps under dialect influence, since it is regular in Sabellic.^(de Vaan 2008) It is related to [[fornāx]] “furnace” and [[formus]] “warm”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates ''furnus'' from Plautus, who also has ''fornus'', as Varro does.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant an oven, as Plautus' joke about being put in a hot oven and roasted like a loaf, and a bakehouse, as in Horace and Juvenal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca and Pliny the Elder also use it.^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short give [[camīnus]] and [[clībanus]] as synonyms.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it also meant a stove.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''forno'', French ''four'' and Spanish ''horno''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|furnace]] comes from ''fornāx'' through Old French, recorded in the early 13th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of an oven.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a bakehouse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''furnace'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|oven]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|bakehouse]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|stove]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[furnārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fornax]]

+ * [[fornix]]

+ * [[formus]]

+ * [[en|furnace]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}