integer Latin · revision 6171

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *teh₂g-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪn.tɛ.ɡɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin.te.d͡ʒer]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''integer''' (feminine integra, neuter integrum, comparative integrior, superlative integerrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[itc-pro|*n̥tagro-|t=untouched]], from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and the root [[ine-pro|*teh₂g-|t=to touch]] of [[tangō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) It was formed from the old aorist stem *tag-, seen in Old Latin [[m|la|tagam]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|antakres|t=whole (ablative plural)]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was untouched, unused, fresh, as Plautus' new and fresh audacity, and of a question not yet decided, open, with ''rē integrā'' “while the matter is still open” and ''ab integrō'' or ''dē integrō'' “afresh”, as in Cato.^(OLD 2012) It meant not exhausted, as fresh troops, whole, complete, as Cato's unbroken tile, and of resources undiminished.^(OLD 2012) Morally it meant unharmed, untainted, upright, honest, and of the body sound, healthy.^(Etymonline)^(Gaffiot 2016) Döderlein says ''integer'' and [[incolumis]] are unhurt, opposed to wounded, while [[salvus]] and [[sōspes]] are safe, opposed to killed.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it also meant surviving, healthy, and virginal, of the Virgin Mary.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) It survives in Romanian ''întreg'', Italian ''intero'' and French ''entier'', the source of [[en|entire]] in the mid-14th century, and [[en|integer]] “whole number” was taken from it in the 1570s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of fresh audacity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses ''ab integrō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1570s – English ''integer'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Untouched, unused, fresh.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of a question)'' Undecided, open, ''dē integrō'', afresh.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Not exhausted, fresh.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Whole, [[m|en|complete]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Undiminished.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Upright, honest; sound.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[integellus]]

+ * [[integritās]]

+ * [[integritūdō]]

+ * [[integrō]]

+ * [[semiinteger]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tangō]]

+ * [[en|entire]]

+ * [[en|integer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}