ardeo Latin · revision 6168

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂eh₁s-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈaːr.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈar.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ārdeō''' (present infinitive ārdēre, perfect active ārsī, supine ārsum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[āridus]] “dry”, a derivative of [[āreō]] “to be dry”, from [[itc-pro|*ās-ē-]], [[ine-pro|*h₂eh₁s-eh₁-|t=to be dry]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary compares the formation of [[audeō]] from [[avidus]], and notes a possible cognate in Umbrian.^(Wiktionary) The noun [[ārdor]] is derived from the verb.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose character thought the house was on fire, it shone so brightly.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to burn, be on fire, to blaze, and to flash or gleam with bright colours, as Aeneas' cloak glowing with Tyrian purple in Virgil, and to be fiercely hot.^(OLD 2012) Of people it meant to burn with passion, rage, be fervent, as Plautus' burning heart, to be eager, and to be in love, as in Ovid.^(OLD 2012) Of emotions, conspiracies and countries it meant to flare up or be in turmoil, as Cicero's conspiracy at its fiercest and Italy ablaze with the Social War.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says it is a visible glowing heat, while [[flagrō]] is bright flame.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ It survives in Italian ''ardere'' and Spanish ''arder''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|ardent]] and [[en|ardour]] come from its participle and noun through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a house seeming to burn.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a raging conspiracy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a gleaming cloak.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''ardent'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|burn]], be on fire.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|blaze]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To gleam, flash.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be fiercely hot.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To burn with passion, rage.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be eager.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be in love.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of emotions, countries)'' To flare up, be in turmoil.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ārdēscō]]

+ * [[ārdifētus]]

+ * [[ārdor]]

+ * [[arsūra]]

+ * [[exārdeō]]

+ * [[obardeō]]

+ * [[perardeo]]

+ * [[ārdēns]]

+ * [[ārsus]]

+ * [[assō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[āreō]]

+ * [[āridus]]

+ * [[en|ardent]]

+ * [[en|ardor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}