citus Latin · revision 6167

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *(ḱ)ey(h₂)-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɪ.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃiː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''citus''' (feminine cita, neuter citum, comparative citior, superlative citissimus, adverb citō or citē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the participle of [[cieō]] “to set in motion”, from [[itc-pro|*kito-|t=stirred]], [[ine-pro|*(ḱ)i(h₂)-to-]], from the root [[ine-pro|*(ḱ)ey(h₂)-|t=to start to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan notes that it needs a form without laryngeal, or was formed later on the present.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus, whose companions came quickly to Circe's house.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260–before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant moving or acting quickly, swift, of people and animals, often as an adverb, and of events passing quickly, speedy, as Horace's swift death or glad victory.^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of a quick or slow voice, and Sallust of a hurried gait.^(Gaffiot 2016) The adverb [[citō]] “quickly” was common.^(de Vaan 2008) Döderlein says ''citus'' and [[celer]] denote quick motion, opposed to [[tardus]], while [[vēlōx]] and [[pernīx]] denote bodily nimbleness.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of a quick voice.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of a hurried gait.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace speaks of swift death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Swift]], quick.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Speedy, quick to happen.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cieō]]

+ * [[citō]]

+ * [[celer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}