cinis Latin · revision 6149

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ken-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɪ.nɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃiː.nis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cinis''' ''m'' or f (genitive cineris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kenis-|t=ashes]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ken(H)-i-|t=residue of fire, dust]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|κόνις|tr=kónis|t=dust, ashes]] and [[txb|kentse|t=dust]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The /i/ of the first syllable comes from *e by assimilation, as in [[similis]].^(de Vaan 2008) Pokorny connected it with *kneh₂- “to rub”, which de Vaan finds not compelling.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus, whose character threatens to break a pot of ashes over someone's head.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant ashes, the residue of a fire, and embers, including the hot embers used for cooking.^(OLD 2012) Ashes stood for destruction by fire, as a city reduced to ashes, and for the body after death, as the ashes of the dead in an urn.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It is masculine, but feminine in Calvus, Catullus, Lucretius and Apuleius.^(OLD 2012) Isidore of Seville uses it of burning stubble to dry out a field.^(Isidore)

+

+ In Medieval Latin ''cinerēs'' “the Ashes” was Ash Wednesday.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''cenere'' and French ''cendre''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|cinerary]] and [[en|incinerate]] come from its stem ''ciner-''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a pot of ashes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it in the feminine of a dead brother's ashes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1550s – English ''incinerate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Ashes]], the residue of a fire.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Embers]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Ashes as the result of destruction by fire.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The ashes of the dead.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, plural)'' [[m|en|Ash Wednesday]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cinefactus]]

+ * [[cinerāceus]]

+ * [[cinerārius]]

+ * [[cinerēscō]]

+ * [[cinereus]]

+ * [[cinericius]]

+ * [[cinerōsus]]

+ * [[ciniflō]]

+ * [[concinerātus]]

+ * [[dēcinerātus]]

+ * [[en|cinerary]]

+ * [[en|incinerate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}