coniveo Latin · revision 6147

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [koːˈniː.we.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [koˈniː.ve.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnīveō''' (present infinitive cōnīvēre, perfect active cōnīxī or cōnīvī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[m|la|con-]] and [[itc-pro|*kneiχw-ē-|t=to blink, draw the eyes together]], with the development *kom-kn- to ⟨cōn-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The root is shared with [[got|𐌷𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽|tr=hneiwan|t=to bow]] and [[goh|nīgan|t=to bow]], and the frequentative [[nictō]] “to blink” is built on its participle.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Since a root of this shape was rare in Proto-Indo-European and occurs only in Germanic and Italic, de Vaan thinks it may be a loanword from an unknown European language.^(de Vaan 2008) Rix derives it from a causative instead.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Turpilius has the perfect ''cōnīxī''.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of the eyes it meant to be closed, and of persons to close the eyes, blink, or go to sleep, as Cicero's eyes closing in sleep.^(OLD 2012) From there it came to mean to turn a blind eye, overlook, connive at a fault, as Cicero's ''cōnīvēre possum'' “I can shut my eyes” to those who want to leave, and of faculties or rights to lie dormant.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was also spelled ''connīveō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ [[en|connive]] was borrowed about 1600, “to shut one's eyes to something”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of turning a blind eye.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – English ''connive'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(of the eyes)'' To be closed.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To close the eyes, [[m|en|blink]]; to fall asleep.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To turn a blind eye, [[m|en|connive]] at, overlook.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of faculties, rights)'' To lie dormant.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cōnīventia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nictō]]

+ * [[en|connive]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}