frigus Latin · revision 6134

16 Oct 2026, 04:59 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *sriHǵ-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfriː.ɡʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfriː.ɡus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''frīgus''' ''n'' (genitive frīgoris); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*srīgos-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*sriHǵ-os-|t=frost, bitter cold]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[grc|ῥῖγος|tr=rhîgos|t=cold, frost]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Because the zero grade of the root is unusual for an s-stem, Schrijver considers that Latin and Greek formed the word independently, the Latin one from [[frīgeō]] “to be cold”, but de Vaan thinks the noun is older than that process.^(de Vaan 2008) Lewis and Short doubted any connection with [[rigeō]] “to be stiff”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's first citation is Ennius, who speaks of mixing heat with cold.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant cold, as one of the four elements opposed to heat, the coldness of weather, and in the plural frosts or cold spells, so that in poetry it stood for winter.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was the chill felt in the body from fever or disease, and the chill of death or old age, as Lucretius' body drenched in the eternal cold of death.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant flatness in a speech, as in Quintilian, and coolness of affection or interest, a cold reception.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein distinguishes [[frīgeō]], to be cold, from [[algeō]], to feel cold.^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ In Medieval Latin it also meant a shivering fit or fever, and religious indifference.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Romanian ''frig''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|frigid]] comes from the adjective [[frīgidus]], recorded in the 1620s.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of cold as an element.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of cold weather.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the chill of death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1620s – English ''frigid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|Cold]], coldness.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Cold weather, (plural) [[m|en|frosts]], (poetic) winter.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|chill]] in the body; a cold.^(OLD 2012)
+ # The chill of death or old age.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Flatness (of a speech).^(OLD 2012)
+ # Coolness, lack of enthusiasm.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|fever]]; religious indifference.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[frīgerō]]
+ * [[frīgor]]
+ * [[frīgorificus]]
+ * [[frigoro]]
+ * [[frīgorōsus]]
+ * [[frīgusculum]]
+ * [[frīgeō]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[frīgēdō]]
+ * [[frīgefactō]]
+ * [[frīgēscō]]
+ * [[frīgidārius]]
+ * [[frīgidātiō]]
+ * [[frīgidē]]
+ * [[frīgiditās]]
+ * [[frīgidiusculus]]
+ * [[frīgidō]]
+ * [[frīgidulus]]
+ * [[frīgidus]]
+ * [[en|frigid]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}